Difference between revisions of "JSG T.26"

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(Created page with "<big>'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables'''</big> Chair:''Michal Šprlák (...")
 
 
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<big>'''JSG 0.13: Integral equations of potential theory for continuation and transformation of classical and new gravitational observables'''</big>
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<big>'''JSG T.26: Geoid/quasi-geoid modelling for realization of the geopotential height datum'''</big>
  
Chair:''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic)''<br>
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Chair:''Jianliang Huang (Canada)''<br>
 
Affiliation:''Commission 2 and GGOS''
 
Affiliation:''Commission 2 and GGOS''
  
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===Introduction===
 
===Introduction===
  
The description of the Earth's gravitational field and its temporal variations belongs to fundamental pillars of modern geodesy. The accurate knowledge of the global gravitational field is important in many applications including precise positioning, metrology, geophysics, geodynamics, oceanography, hydrology, cryospheric and other geosciences. Various observation techniques for collecting gravitational data have been invented based on terrestrial, marine, airborne and more recently, satellite sensors. On the other hand, different parametrization methods of the gravitational field were established in geodesy, however, with many unobservable parameters. For this reason, the geodetic science has traditionally been formulating various gravitational parameter transformations, including those based on solving boundary/initial value problems of potential theory, through Fredholm's integral equations.
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The geopotential height datum is realized by a gravimetric geoid/quasi-geoid model. The geoid/quasi-geoid model can now be determined with the accuracy of a few centimetres in a number of regions around the world; it has been adopted in some as a height datum to replace spirit-levelling networks, e.g., in Canada and New Zealand. A great challenge is the 1-2 cm accuracy anywhere to be compatible with the accuracy of ellipsoidal heights measured by the GNSS technology. This requires an adequate theory and its numerical realization, to be of the sub-centimetre accuracy, and the availability of commensurate gravity data and digital elevation models (DEMs).
  
Traditionally, Stokes’s, Vening-Meinesz’s and Hotine’s integrals have been of interest in geodesy as they accommodated geodetic applications. In recent history, new geodetic integral transformations were formulated. This effort was mainly initiated by new gravitational observables that became gradually available to geodesists with the advent of precise GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) positioning, satellite altimetry and aerial gravimetry/gradiometry.  The family of integral transformations has enormously been extended with satellite-to-satellite tracking and satellite gradiometric data available from recent gravity-dedicated satellite missions.
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Geoid/quasi-geoid modelling involves the combination of satellite, airborne and surface gravity data through the remove-compute-restore method, employing various modelling techniques such as the Stokes integration, least-squares collocation, spherical radial base functions or spherical harmonics. Satellite gravity data from recent gravity missions (GRACE and GOCE) enable to model the geoid components with the accuracy of 1-2 cm at the spatial resolution of 100 km. Airborne gravity data are covering more regions with a variety of accuracies and spatial resolutions such as the US GRAV-D project. They often overlap with surface gravity data which are still essential in determining the high-resolution geoid model. In the meantime, DEMs required for the gravity reduction have achieved higher spatial resolutions with a global coverage. In order to understand how accurately the geoid model can be determined, the 1 cm geoid experiment was carried out in a test region in Colorado, USA by more than ten international teams. The state-of-the-art airborne data was provided for this experiment by US NGS. The test results reveal that differences between geoid models by these teams are at the level of 2-4 cm in terms of the standard deviation with a range of decimetres. Reducing these differences is necessary for realization of geopotential height datums and the International Height Reference System (IHRS). This will require a thorough examination and assessment of both methods and data.
 
 
Besides numerous efforts in developing integral equations to cover new observables in geodesy, many aspects of integral equations remain challenging. This study group aims for systematic treatment of integral transformation in geodesy, as many formulations have been performed by making use of various approaches. Many solutions are based on spherical approximation that cannot be justified for globally distributed satellite data and with respect to requirements of various data users requiring gravitational data to be distributed the reference ellipsoid or at constant geodetic altitude. On the other hand, the integral equations in spherical approximation possess symmetric properties that allow for studying their spatial and spectral properties; they also motivate for adopting a generalized notation. New numerically efficient, stable and accurate methods for upward/downward continuation, comparison, validation, transformation, combination and/or for interpretation of gravitational data are also of high interest with increasing availability of large amounts of new data.
 
  
 
===Objectives===
 
===Objectives===
  
* To consider different types of gravitational data, i.e., terrestrial, aerial and satellite, available today and to formulate their mathematical relation to the gravitational potential.
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* Adoption of physical parameters such as GM.
* To study mathematical properties of differential operators in spherical and Jacobi ellipsoidal coordinates, which relate various functionals of the gravitational potential.
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* Determination and adoption of W0.
* To complete the family of integral equations relating various types of current and foreseen gravitational data and to derive corresponding spherical and ellipsoidal Green’s functions.
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* Geo-center convention with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF).
* To study accurate and numerically stable methods for upward/downward continuation of gravitational field parameters.
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* Adoption of a Geodetic Reference System.
* To investigate optimal combination techniques of heterogeneous gravitational field observables for gravitational field modelling at all scales.
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* Identification of data requirements and gaps.
* To investigate conditionality as well as spatial and spectral properties of linear operators based on discretized integral equations.
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* Gravity data gridding methods.
* To classify integral transformations and to propose suitable generalized notation for a variety of classical and new integral equations in geodesy.
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* Downward continuation of high-altitude airborne gravity data.
 +
* Spatial and spectral modelling of topographic effects considering mass density variation.
 +
* Combination of satellite, airborne and surface gravity data.
 +
* Separation between the geoid and quasi-geoid.
 +
* Estimation of data and geoid/quasi-geoid model errors.
 +
* External validation data and methods for the geoid/quasi-geoid model.
 +
* Dynamic geoid/quasi-geoid modelling.
 +
* New geodetic boundary-value problems.
  
 
===Program of Activities===
 
===Program of Activities===
  
* Presenting research results at major international geodetic and geophysical conferences, meetings and workshops.
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* Involving and supporting new generation of geoid modellers.
* Organizing a session at the forthcoming Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2017.
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* Organizing splinter meetings in coincidence with major IAG conferences and a series of online workshops.
* Cooperating with related IAG Commissions and GGOS.
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* Circulating and sharing information, ideas, progress reports, papers and presentations.
* Monitoring activities of JGS members as well as other scientists related to the scope of JGS activities.
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* Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
* Providing bibliographic list of relevant publications from different disciplines in the area of JSG interest.
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* Supporting and cooperating with IAG commissions, services, GGOS and other study and working groups on gravity modelling and height system, in particular GGOS IHRS working group, and International Service for the Geoid (ISG).
  
 
===Members===
 
===Members===
  
'' '''Michal Šprlák (Czech Republic), chair''' <br /> Alireza Ardalan (Iran) <br /> Mehdi Eshagh (Sweden) <br /> Will Featherstone (Australia) <br /> Ismael Foroughi (Canada) <br /> Petr Holota (Czech Republic) <br /> Juraj Janák (Slovakia) <br /> Otakar Nesvadba (Czech Republic) <br /> Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) <br /> Martin Pitoňák (Czech Republic) <br /> Robert Tenzer (China) <br /> Guyla Tóth (Hungary) <br />''
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'' '''Jianliang Huang (Canada), chair ''' <br /> Jonas Ågren (Sweden) <br /> Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy) <br /> Heiner Denker (Germany) <br /> Bihter Erol (Turkey) <br /> Christian Gerlach (Germany) <br /> Christian Hirt (Germany) <br /> Juraj Janák (Slovakia) <br /> Tao Jiang (China) <br /> Robert W. Kingdon (Canada) <br /> Xiaopeng Li (USA) <br /> Urs Marti (Switzerland) <br /> Ana Cristina de Matos (Brazil) <br /> Pavel Novák (Czech Republic) <br /> Laura Sanchez (Germany) <br /> Matej Varga (Croatia) <br /> Marc Véronneau (Canada) <br /> Yanming Wang (USA) <br /> Xinyu Xu (China) <br />''

Latest revision as of 10:39, 10 June 2020

JSG T.26: Geoid/quasi-geoid modelling for realization of the geopotential height datum

Chair:Jianliang Huang (Canada)
Affiliation:Commission 2 and GGOS

Introduction

The geopotential height datum is realized by a gravimetric geoid/quasi-geoid model. The geoid/quasi-geoid model can now be determined with the accuracy of a few centimetres in a number of regions around the world; it has been adopted in some as a height datum to replace spirit-levelling networks, e.g., in Canada and New Zealand. A great challenge is the 1-2 cm accuracy anywhere to be compatible with the accuracy of ellipsoidal heights measured by the GNSS technology. This requires an adequate theory and its numerical realization, to be of the sub-centimetre accuracy, and the availability of commensurate gravity data and digital elevation models (DEMs).

Geoid/quasi-geoid modelling involves the combination of satellite, airborne and surface gravity data through the remove-compute-restore method, employing various modelling techniques such as the Stokes integration, least-squares collocation, spherical radial base functions or spherical harmonics. Satellite gravity data from recent gravity missions (GRACE and GOCE) enable to model the geoid components with the accuracy of 1-2 cm at the spatial resolution of 100 km. Airborne gravity data are covering more regions with a variety of accuracies and spatial resolutions such as the US GRAV-D project. They often overlap with surface gravity data which are still essential in determining the high-resolution geoid model. In the meantime, DEMs required for the gravity reduction have achieved higher spatial resolutions with a global coverage. In order to understand how accurately the geoid model can be determined, the 1 cm geoid experiment was carried out in a test region in Colorado, USA by more than ten international teams. The state-of-the-art airborne data was provided for this experiment by US NGS. The test results reveal that differences between geoid models by these teams are at the level of 2-4 cm in terms of the standard deviation with a range of decimetres. Reducing these differences is necessary for realization of geopotential height datums and the International Height Reference System (IHRS). This will require a thorough examination and assessment of both methods and data.

Objectives

  • Adoption of physical parameters such as GM.
  • Determination and adoption of W0.
  • Geo-center convention with respect to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF).
  • Adoption of a Geodetic Reference System.
  • Identification of data requirements and gaps.
  • Gravity data gridding methods.
  • Downward continuation of high-altitude airborne gravity data.
  • Spatial and spectral modelling of topographic effects considering mass density variation.
  • Combination of satellite, airborne and surface gravity data.
  • Separation between the geoid and quasi-geoid.
  • Estimation of data and geoid/quasi-geoid model errors.
  • External validation data and methods for the geoid/quasi-geoid model.
  • Dynamic geoid/quasi-geoid modelling.
  • New geodetic boundary-value problems.

Program of Activities

  • Involving and supporting new generation of geoid modellers.
  • Organizing splinter meetings in coincidence with major IAG conferences and a series of online workshops.
  • Circulating and sharing information, ideas, progress reports, papers and presentations.
  • Organizing a session at the Hotine-Marussi Symposium 2022.
  • Supporting and cooperating with IAG commissions, services, GGOS and other study and working groups on gravity modelling and height system, in particular GGOS IHRS working group, and International Service for the Geoid (ISG).

Members

Jianliang Huang (Canada), chair
Jonas Ågren (Sweden)
Riccardo Barzaghi (Italy)
Heiner Denker (Germany)
Bihter Erol (Turkey)
Christian Gerlach (Germany)
Christian Hirt (Germany)
Juraj Janák (Slovakia)
Tao Jiang (China)
Robert W. Kingdon (Canada)
Xiaopeng Li (USA)
Urs Marti (Switzerland)
Ana Cristina de Matos (Brazil)
Pavel Novák (Czech Republic)
Laura Sanchez (Germany)
Matej Varga (Croatia)
Marc Véronneau (Canada)
Yanming Wang (USA)
Xinyu Xu (China)